Is Magnesium hype? Attention vs. evidence

settled Magnesium is settled: cultural attention is running roughly level with the evidence, which currently grades B for heart health.

Reviewed by Substrate editorial, Independent research collective · 2026-07-14

Where Magnesium sits

Current position: settled · attention data as of 2026-07-14.

magnesium — evidence and attention roughly aligned

What's driving the attention

social / marketing — “Magnesium glycinate is better for sleep because it crosses the blood-brain barrier”

Claims vs evidence

Popular claim	Outcome	Evidence grade	Gap
“Magnesium glycinate is better for sleep because it crosses the blood-brain barrier”	sleep	grade C	attention outruns evidence

Grade

what does the grade mean?

Certainty

low

what does certainty mean?

Grade C / low: hints of benefit in small trials; a well-run RCT could easily push this to B or to null.

What would change our mind

A registered RCT with adequate power in the target population would move the B grade; a null result would confirm the current position; a retraction of a keystone study would trigger an immediate re-review. We watch ClinicalTrials.gov for Magnesium registrations and flag readouts within 30 days.

Grade history

No grade changes yet. Initial grade assigned; re-reviewed on quarterly stage assessment — next review by 2026-10-14. Methodology v1.

Re-review cadence: quarterly stage assessment · next scheduled by 2026-10-14 · methodology v1.

Frequently asked

Is Magnesium worth the money?

"Worth it" depends on the outcome and grade. See the claims scoreboard: high hype at Grade C means expect less than the marketing implies.

Why is Magnesium suddenly everywhere?

The attention drivers block above lists specific dated triggers — podcasts, preprints, viral posts — that pulled attention forward of the evidence.

What would prove Magnesium actually works?

See "what would change our mind": registered trials in progress and the results that would move the grade.

Is Magnesium a scam?

Not usually — supplements exist and the compounds are real; the scam-adjacent claim is usually the specific benefit, not the substance. The grade tells you which benefit claims are honest.

Cite this page

Citation is encouraged. The proposed reuse license is CC-BY-4.0; status: pending-governance-ratification.

Plain-text citation

Substrate. Is Magnesium hype?. https://evidencebased.info/hype/magnesium. Updated 2026-07-14.

BibTeX

@misc{substrate_sedinfohypemagnesium,
  author = {Substrate editorial},
  title  = {Is Magnesium hype?},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://evidencebased.info/hype/magnesium},
  note   = {evidencebased.info}
}

Attention momentum: +8% YoY · lag: small

This filtered view rechecked source-context candidates for current publication and source integrity. Other papers were not evaluated; an empty result does not establish that research is absent. 1 candidate paper was omitted because publication authority was unavailable. Browse the broader bounded research library.

Source-reported research findings

AI-extracted — pending human review. These findings retain the studied context and are not pooled treatment estimates.

Single study

PMID 39252819: Oura ring

AI-extracted — pending human review
Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review.
Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed.
Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate.

Direction for deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring) remains unresolved in this record.

Reported p < 0.05.

Studied combination: MgT.

Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring) at 21 days MgT or placebo.

Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited.

That’s the gist — a fine place to stop. This describes the studied groups, not personal suitability.

Understand the result

Direction only. No numerical magnitude or uncertainty range is recorded for this finding.

Who & when: Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring) at 21 days MgT or placebo.
Source: PMID 39252819 · finding version 2

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Same finding version 2; paper version 4. Exact identity, status and limitations remain in this article.

Source-reported direction

Source-reported direction: unclear.

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Studied context

The context this result was produced in. It bounds what the result can be applied to.
Participants / population	Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems
Study design	randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study
Analysis population	unclear
Covariate adjustment	Adjustment unresolved in this record
Studied intervention	1 g/day of MgT
Studied combination	MgT
Comparator	placebo
Measured outcome	deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring)
Timepoint	21 days MgT or placebo

Limitations reported for this finding

The abstract reports bundled outcomes without endpoint-specific effect sizes, confidence intervals, or arm-level means/SDs.
The abstract reports 80 participants but does not state allocation counts by arm.
The abstract lists standardized questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, and Restorative Sleep Questionnaire; it does not map each listed symptom result to a specific questionnaire.
The result sentence explicitly says MgT significantly improved vs placebo, but the current direction-source guard does not accept this “improved vs” phrase form; direction remains unclear pending source-matched guard support. No inferential direction is invented.
“Safe and well tolerated” appears in the abstract without adverse-event counts; this is not a safety guarantee.

You can stop here, or inspect the evidence and its original sources.

Source and extraction detail

Finding revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:1:v2
Finding version: 2
Finding content hash: sha256:088854b4ade679b9607bb5fc66922f3f5b0c6f5d315731d6b8f1b15e8d4e54cd
Paper version: 4
Paper version content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c
Source content hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8
Extraction policy: examine2025-mgt-context-v1:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601
Extraction policy hash: sha256:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601
Extraction method version: source-anchored-qualitative-context/v1
Field locators: applicability.population → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective bundled p threshold; limitations → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, exact source context

Source documents

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text — sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8 (applicability.population → Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → Abstract, Results, objective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → Abstract, Results, objective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → Abstract, Results, objective bundled p threshold; limitations → Abstract, Results, exact source context; contextMapping.definition → Abstract, definition — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods → Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope → Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods → Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.objectiveResult → Abstract, objectiveResult — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope → Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; applicability.timepoint → Abstract, Patients/Methods, 21-day intervention period)

Read the full paper explanation

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PMID 39252819: Oura ring Stable finding ID: finding:examine2025:39252819:1. Finding version: 2. Revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:1:v2. Content hash: sha256:088854b4ade679b9607bb5fc66922f3f5b0c6f5d315731d6b8f1b15e8d4e54cd. Paper version: 4. Paper content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c. AI-extracted — pending human review Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review. Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed. Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate. Direction for deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring) remains unresolved in this record. Studied combination: MgT. Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring) at 21 days MgT or placebo. Participants / population: Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems. Study design: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. Analysis population: unclear. Covariate adjustment: Adjustment unresolved in this record. Studied intervention: 1 g/day of MgT. Studied combination: MgT. Studied route / context: Not encoded in this record. Comparator: placebo. Measured outcome: deep sleep score, REM sleep score, light sleep time, and activity and readiness parameters activity score, activity daily movement score, readiness score, readiness activity balance, and readiness sleep balance (Oura ring). Timepoint: 21 days MgT or placebo. Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited. Source-reported direction: unclear. Direction only; no numerical magnitude is available in this record. Reported p < 0.05. No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them. Reported limitation: The abstract reports bundled outcomes without endpoint-specific effect sizes, confidence intervals, or arm-level means/SDs. Reported limitation: The abstract reports 80 participants but does not state allocation counts by arm. Reported limitation: The abstract lists standardized questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, and Restorative Sleep Questionnaire; it does not map each listed symptom result to a specific questionnaire. Reported limitation: The result sentence explicitly says MgT significantly improved vs placebo, but the current direction-source guard does not accept this “improved vs” phrase form; direction remains unclear pending source-matched guard support. No inferential direction is invented. Reported limitation: “Safe and well tolerated” appears in the abstract without adverse-event counts; this is not a safety guarantee. Finding revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:1:v2. Finding version: 2. Finding content hash: sha256:088854b4ade679b9607bb5fc66922f3f5b0c6f5d315731d6b8f1b15e8d4e54cd. Paper version: 4. Paper version content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c. Source content hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8. Extraction policy: examine2025-mgt-context-v1:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601. Extraction policy hash: sha256:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601. Extraction method version: source-anchored-qualitative-context/v1. Field locators: applicability.population → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, objective bundled p threshold; limitations → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, exact source context. Source document: https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text. Source hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8. Locators: applicability.population: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct: Abstract, Results, objective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection: Abstract, Results, objective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value: Abstract, Results, objective bundled p threshold; limitations: Abstract, Results, exact source context; contextMapping.definition: Abstract, definition — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods: Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope: Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods: Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.objectiveResult: Abstract, objectiveResult — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope: Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; applicability.timepoint: Abstract, Patients/Methods, 21-day intervention period. Canonical paper: /studies/39252819. This is a reading of this version, not a clinical recommendation. Check the current paper page for updates.

Read the full paper explanation →Original source · Bring into My Profile

Single study

PMID 39252819: standardized questionnaires

AI-extracted — pending human review
Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review.
Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed.
Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate.

Direction for behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) remains unresolved in this record.

Reported p < 0.05.

Studied combination: MgT.

Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) at 21 days MgT or placebo.

Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited.

That’s the gist — a fine place to stop. This describes the studied groups, not personal suitability.

Understand the result

Direction for behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) remains unresolved in this record.

Direction only. No numerical magnitude or uncertainty range is recorded for this finding.

Who & when: Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) at 21 days MgT or placebo.
Source: PMID 39252819 · finding version 2

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Same finding version 2; paper version 4. Exact identity, status and limitations remain in this article.

Source-reported direction

Source-reported direction: unclear.

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Studied context

The context this result was produced in. It bounds what the result can be applied to.
Participants / population	Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems
Study design	randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study
Analysis population	unclear
Covariate adjustment	Adjustment unresolved in this record
Studied intervention	1 g/day of MgT
Studied combination	MgT
Comparator	placebo
Measured outcome	behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires)
Timepoint	21 days MgT or placebo

Limitations reported for this finding

The abstract reports bundled outcomes without endpoint-specific effect sizes, confidence intervals, or arm-level means/SDs.
The abstract reports 80 participants but does not state allocation counts by arm.
The abstract lists standardized questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, and Restorative Sleep Questionnaire; it does not map each listed symptom result to a specific questionnaire.
The result sentence explicitly says MgT significantly improved vs placebo, but the current direction-source guard does not accept this “improved vs” phrase form; direction remains unclear pending source-matched guard support. No inferential direction is invented.
“Safe and well tolerated” appears in the abstract without adverse-event counts; this is not a safety guarantee.

You can stop here, or inspect the evidence and its original sources.

Source and extraction detail

Finding revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:2:v2
Finding version: 2
Finding content hash: sha256:ac64c7616a028b73f7e6f24a1e60be2970f89332aae2c3000ca9124708837943
Paper version: 4
Paper version content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c
Source content hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8
Extraction policy: examine2025-mgt-context-v1:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601
Extraction policy hash: sha256:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601
Extraction method version: source-anchored-qualitative-context/v1
Field locators: applicability.population → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective bundled p threshold; limitations → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, exact source context

Source documents

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text — sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8 (applicability.population → Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → Abstract, Results, subjective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → Abstract, Results, subjective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → Abstract, Results, subjective bundled p threshold; limitations → Abstract, Results, exact source context; contextMapping.definition → Abstract, definition — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods → Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope → Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; applicability.timepoint → Abstract, Patients/Methods, 21-day intervention period)

Read the full paper explanation

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Versioned snapshot of this displayed record. It may no longer be current; audio requires a successful current-version check.

PMID 39252819: standardized questionnaires Stable finding ID: finding:examine2025:39252819:2. Finding version: 2. Revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:2:v2. Content hash: sha256:ac64c7616a028b73f7e6f24a1e60be2970f89332aae2c3000ca9124708837943. Paper version: 4. Paper content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c. AI-extracted — pending human review Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review. Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed. Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate. Direction for behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) remains unresolved in this record. Studied combination: MgT. Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems; randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. 1 g/day of MgT versus placebo. behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires) at 21 days MgT or placebo. Participants / population: Eighty 35-55-year-olds with self-assessed sleep problems. Study design: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. Analysis population: unclear. Covariate adjustment: Adjustment unresolved in this record. Studied intervention: 1 g/day of MgT. Studied combination: MgT. Studied route / context: Not encoded in this record. Comparator: placebo. Measured outcome: behavior upon awakening, energy and daytime productivity, grouchiness, mood and mental alertness (standardized questionnaires). Timepoint: 21 days MgT or placebo. Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited. Source-reported direction: unclear. Direction only; no numerical magnitude is available in this record. Reported p < 0.05. No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them. Reported limitation: The abstract reports bundled outcomes without endpoint-specific effect sizes, confidence intervals, or arm-level means/SDs. Reported limitation: The abstract reports 80 participants but does not state allocation counts by arm. Reported limitation: The abstract lists standardized questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, and Restorative Sleep Questionnaire; it does not map each listed symptom result to a specific questionnaire. Reported limitation: The result sentence explicitly says MgT significantly improved vs placebo, but the current direction-source guard does not accept this “improved vs” phrase form; direction remains unclear pending source-matched guard support. No inferential direction is invented. Reported limitation: “Safe and well tolerated” appears in the abstract without adverse-event counts; this is not a safety guarantee. Finding revision: finding:examine2025:39252819:2:v2. Finding version: 2. Finding content hash: sha256:ac64c7616a028b73f7e6f24a1e60be2970f89332aae2c3000ca9124708837943. Paper version: 4. Paper version content hash: sha256:7fbd5839c1b53e9a756560cefbd8c7b00ccda6f69b623a9a992f9a061be6f70c. Source content hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8. Extraction policy: examine2025-mgt-context-v1:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601. Extraction policy hash: sha256:a10d577ec738522e2f61d58c31a77d841f7def8d769405a593e540316bed0601. Extraction method version: source-anchored-qualitative-context/v1. Field locators: applicability.population → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, subjective bundled p threshold; limitations → https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text: Abstract, Results, exact source context. Source document: https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=39252819&rettype=abstract&retmode=text. Source hash: sha256:c4b7769061135e25a2cac2ee4af52513981625fc752a867e9a3cbccb2ca9bec8. Locators: applicability.population: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participants; applicability.experimentalIntervention: Abstract, Patients/Methods, arms/dose; applicability.experimentalInterventionComponents: Abstract, Patients/Methods, intervention component; applicability.comparator: Abstract, Patients/Methods, comparator; applicability.design: Abstract, Patients/Methods, design; applicability.instrument: Abstract, Patients/Methods, measurement method; applicability.outcomeConstruct: Abstract, Results, subjective outcome bundle; applicability.participantMetric: Abstract, Patients/Methods, participant metric; reportedDirection: Abstract, Results, subjective source-reported comparison; reportedSignificance.value: Abstract, Results, subjective bundled p threshold; limitations: Abstract, Results, exact source context; contextMapping.definition: Abstract, definition — provisional related context; contextMapping.methods: Abstract, methods — provisional related context; contextMapping.authorScope: Abstract, authorScope — provisional related context; applicability.timepoint: Abstract, Patients/Methods, 21-day intervention period. Canonical paper: /studies/39252819. This is a reading of this version, not a clinical recommendation. Check the current paper page for updates.

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Single study

PMID 39138397: ISI

AI-extracted — pending human review
Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review.
Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed.
Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate.

Authors reported insomnia severity (ISI) as Mg sulphate group 17.45 score and Control group 22.4 score, each summarised separately.

Reported p < 0.001.

Studied route/context: intravenous.

patients undergoing lumbar fixation; randomized controlled trial. Magnesium sulphate versus general anesthesia. insomnia severity (ISI) at 2 weeks after surgery.

Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited.

That’s the gist — a fine place to stop. This describes the studied groups, not personal suitability.

Understand the result

Authors reported insomnia severity (ISI) as Mg sulphate group 17.45 score and Control group 22.4 score, each summarised separately.

The full source record is retained in words with its study context and uncertainty. No derived comparison or combined axis is added.

Who & when: patients undergoing lumbar fixation; randomized controlled trial. Magnesium sulphate versus general anesthesia. insomnia severity (ISI) at 2 weeks after surgery.
Source: PMID 39138397 · finding version 1

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Same finding version 1; paper version 2. Exact identity, status and limitations remain in this article.

Reported arm summaries

Values as reported by the source. Dispersion is the type the source recorded.
Study arm	Reported value	Dispersion	Participants
Mg sulphate group	17.45 score	SD 4.32	n=40
Control group	22.4 score	SD 3.29	n=40

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

Studied context

The context this result was produced in. It bounds what the result can be applied to.
Participants / population	patients undergoing lumbar fixation
Study design	randomized controlled trial
Analysis population	unclear
Covariate adjustment	Adjustment unresolved in this record
Studied intervention	Magnesium sulphate
Studied route / context	intravenous
Comparator	general anesthesia
Measured outcome	insomnia severity (ISI)
Timepoint	2 weeks after surgery

Limitations reported for this finding

AI-extracted; pending human review.
Lumbar-fixation surgery and intraoperative magnesium sulphate adjunct to general anaesthesia; not oral supplementation.
Raw arm summaries at two weeks after surgery; not change scores or the adjusted regression coefficient.
Analysis-population and adjustment details are not established by this descriptive extraction; no pooled effect or certainty upgrade.

You can stop here, or inspect the evidence and its original sources.

patients undergoing lumbar fixation; randomized controlled trial. Magnesium sulphate versus general anesthesia. insomnia severity (ISI) at 2 weeks after surgery.

Source and extraction detail

Finding revision: finding:pmid:39138397:isi:postoperative-two-weeks:v1
Finding version: 1
Finding content hash: sha256:38d9f5892c47e85982a8771ac7f604220ea728aa033ee0d13bf28c62dac2257b
Paper version: 2
Paper version content hash: sha256:dd3bc7bade8b84173b4ecfbb47525a9c6860c70bd9a0d4767e15c904a9cb201c
Source content hash: sha256:7a50003b05a8c9c02f3dd5dd52359b0e278f4c8efa0b850d02ba8da68ee45a92
Extraction policy: reported-findings-initial2-v1
Extraction policy hash: sha256:c0d84a3eafb1f7e7f5c4931e65dc3d9d9301f05110e8db8b8718d2b734ec5563
Extraction method version: source-grounded-reported-findings-v1
Field locators: applicability.population → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalInterventionRoute → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.comparator → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.design → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.instrument → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.participantMetric → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; postoperative ISI; experimental.armLabel → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; column header; comparator.armLabel → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; column header; experimental.n → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; experimental column n; comparator.n → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; control column n; experimental.mean → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; experimental mean; experimental.dispersion.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; experimental SD; comparator.mean → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; control mean; comparator.dispersion.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; control SD; experimental.unit → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Methods; ISI scale; comparator.unit → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Methods; ISI scale; reportedSignificance.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; p-value

Source documents

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/ — sha256:7a50003b05a8c9c02f3dd5dd52359b0e278f4c8efa0b850d02ba8da68ee45a92 (applicability.population → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalIntervention → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalInterventionRoute → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.comparator → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.design → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.instrument → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.outcomeConstruct → Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.participantMetric → Table 2; postoperative ISI; experimental.armLabel → Table 2; column header; comparator.armLabel → Table 2; column header; experimental.n → Table 2; experimental column n; comparator.n → Table 2; control column n; experimental.mean → Table 2; ISI; experimental mean; experimental.dispersion.value → Table 2; ISI; experimental SD; comparator.mean → Table 2; ISI; control mean; comparator.dispersion.value → Table 2; ISI; control SD; experimental.unit → Methods; ISI scale; comparator.unit → Methods; ISI scale; reportedSignificance.value → Table 2; ISI; p-value; timepoint → Methods; ISI assessment time; association-intervention → Abstract; authors-reported result; association-outcome → Abstract; authors-reported result)

Reported arm summaries

Values as reported by the source. Dispersion is the type the source recorded.
Study arm	Reported value	Dispersion	Participants
Mg sulphate group	17.45 score	SD 4.32	n=40
Control group	22.4 score	SD 3.29	n=40

No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them.

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PMID 39138397: ISI Stable finding ID: finding:pmid:39138397:isi:postoperative-two-weeks. Finding version: 1. Revision: finding:pmid:39138397:isi:postoperative-two-weeks:v1. Content hash: sha256:38d9f5892c47e85982a8771ac7f604220ea728aa033ee0d13bf28c62dac2257b. Paper version: 2. Paper content hash: sha256:dd3bc7bade8b84173b4ecfbb47525a9c6860c70bd9a0d4767e15c904a9cb201c. AI-extracted — pending human review Extraction status: machine extracted. Source status is not human clinical review. Publication status: published. Record review status: not reviewed. Not poolable: one source-reported result, not a pooled treatment estimate. Authors reported insomnia severity (ISI) as Mg sulphate group 17.45 score and Control group 22.4 score, each summarised separately. Studied route/context: intravenous. patients undergoing lumbar fixation; randomized controlled trial. Magnesium sulphate versus general anesthesia. insomnia severity (ISI) at 2 weeks after surgery. Participants / population: patients undergoing lumbar fixation. Study design: randomized controlled trial. Analysis population: unclear. Covariate adjustment: Adjustment unresolved in this record. Studied intervention: Magnesium sulphate. Studied combination: Not encoded in this record. Studied route / context: intravenous. Comparator: general anesthesia. Measured outcome: insomnia severity (ISI). Timepoint: 2 weeks after surgery. Related research with a different studied context; applicability to this question remains limited. Mg sulphate group: reported value 17.45 score; SD 4.32; participants 40. Control group: reported value 22.4 score; SD 3.29; participants 40. Reported p < 0.001. No between-arm contrast, interval estimate or pooled result is calculated here; the values above are exactly as the source reported them. Reported limitation: AI-extracted; pending human review. Reported limitation: Lumbar-fixation surgery and intraoperative magnesium sulphate adjunct to general anaesthesia; not oral supplementation. Reported limitation: Raw arm summaries at two weeks after surgery; not change scores or the adjusted regression coefficient. Reported limitation: Analysis-population and adjustment details are not established by this descriptive extraction; no pooled effect or certainty upgrade. Finding revision: finding:pmid:39138397:isi:postoperative-two-weeks:v1. Finding version: 1. Finding content hash: sha256:38d9f5892c47e85982a8771ac7f604220ea728aa033ee0d13bf28c62dac2257b. Paper version: 2. Paper version content hash: sha256:dd3bc7bade8b84173b4ecfbb47525a9c6860c70bd9a0d4767e15c904a9cb201c. Source content hash: sha256:7a50003b05a8c9c02f3dd5dd52359b0e278f4c8efa0b850d02ba8da68ee45a92. Extraction policy: reported-findings-initial2-v1. Extraction policy hash: sha256:c0d84a3eafb1f7e7f5c4931e65dc3d9d9301f05110e8db8b8718d2b734ec5563. Extraction method version: source-grounded-reported-findings-v1. Field locators: applicability.population → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalIntervention → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalInterventionRoute → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.comparator → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.design → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.instrument → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.outcomeConstruct → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.participantMetric → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; postoperative ISI; experimental.armLabel → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; column header; comparator.armLabel → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; column header; experimental.n → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; experimental column n; comparator.n → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; control column n; experimental.mean → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; experimental mean; experimental.dispersion.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; experimental SD; comparator.mean → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; control mean; comparator.dispersion.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; control SD; experimental.unit → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Methods; ISI scale; comparator.unit → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Methods; ISI scale; reportedSignificance.value → https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/: Table 2; ISI; p-value. Source document: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320981/. Source hash: sha256:7a50003b05a8c9c02f3dd5dd52359b0e278f4c8efa0b850d02ba8da68ee45a92. Locators: applicability.population: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalIntervention: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.experimentalInterventionRoute: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.comparator: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.design: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.instrument: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.outcomeConstruct: Abstract; authors-reported result; applicability.participantMetric: Table 2; postoperative ISI; experimental.armLabel: Table 2; column header; comparator.armLabel: Table 2; column header; experimental.n: Table 2; experimental column n; comparator.n: Table 2; control column n; experimental.mean: Table 2; ISI; experimental mean; experimental.dispersion.value: Table 2; ISI; experimental SD; comparator.mean: Table 2; ISI; control mean; comparator.dispersion.value: Table 2; ISI; control SD; experimental.unit: Methods; ISI scale; comparator.unit: Methods; ISI scale; reportedSignificance.value: Table 2; ISI; p-value; timepoint: Methods; ISI assessment time; association-intervention: Abstract; authors-reported result; association-outcome: Abstract; authors-reported result. Canonical paper: /studies/39138397. This is a reading of this version, not a clinical recommendation. Check the current paper page for updates.

Read the full paper explanation →Original source · Bring into My Profile