Supplements for bone health

Compared by effect and evidence certainty. Cost is not currently assessed, and nothing here is sold to you.

Vitamin Dgrade Bmoderate certainty— supports bone density and reduces fracture risk with calcium, mainly in deficiency

Safety: minor — Magnesium is a cofactor in vitamin D metabolism; the two are complementary.. Cost: not assessed. Evidence gaps: no major structured gap flagged; review the claim limitations.

Calciumgrade Bmoderate certainty— modestly reduces fracture risk when combined with vitamin D, mainly in deficient/institutionalized populations

Safety: no modeled interaction found; coverage unknown, not proven safe. Cost: not assessed. Evidence gaps: no major structured gap flagged; review the claim limitations.

Creatinegrade Clow certainty— Favorable effects on bone in post-menopausal females when creatine is combined with resistance training.

Safety: no modeled interaction found; coverage unknown, not proven safe. Cost: not assessed. Evidence gaps: studied dose not reported; certainty or evidence strength remains limited.

Magnesiumgrade Clow certainty— Systematic review in older adults: higher magnesium status/intake is associated with greater bone mineral density and, in some studies, lower fracture risk. Evidence is largely observational, so the association does not establish that supplementation prevents fractures.

Safety: minor — Generally fine with an SSRI; space about 2 hours apart.. Cost: not assessed. Evidence gaps: certainty or evidence strength remains limited.

1 paper with unavailable publication authority was omitted. Current findings are the verified subset of this bounded collection; this is not a complete literature search.